The Impact of Overlapping Phases in EPCC Projects on the Accuracy of 4D BIM (Time) and 5D BIM (Cost): A Literature Review

Nadiatul Huliyah; Bambang Endro  Yuwono

doi:10.37899/journallamultiapp.v7i4.5101

Nadiatul Huliyah Master of Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Bambang Endro Yuwono Master of Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v7i4.5101

Keywords: EPCC, Phase Overlap, 4D BIM, 5D BIM, Time, Cost

Abstract

Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning (EPCC) projects often apply overlapping phases to accelerate project completion. This strategy allows procurement, construction, or commissioning to start before the preceding phase is fully completed. However, design, material, schedule, and cost information may continue to change and affect the accuracy of 4D and 5D Building Information Modeling (BIM). This study explains the effect of EPCC phase overlap on the time accuracy of 4D BIM and the cost accuracy of 5D BIM and describes the role of BIM in project control. A literature review was conducted using 38 journal articles covering fast-track construction, 4D BIM, 5D BIM, scheduling, procurement, quantity take-off, interoperability, and cost control. The findings show that overlap can reduce BIM accuracy when design changes, procurement status, field progress, and cost information are not updated promptly. The accuracy of 4D BIM is affected in work sequence, activity relationships, duration, progress, and completion time. The accuracy of 5D BIM is affected in quantities, prices, rework costs, scope changes, and final cost forecasts. Nevertheless, BIM remains important because it enables project teams to identify the time and cost consequences of changes more quickly. BIM accuracy can be maintained through regular model updates, consistent project data, integration of models with schedule and cost information, and coordination among EPCC phases.

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