User Acceptance of Assistive Electric Motorcycles for Physical Disabilities: An Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model in the Context of Special Education
Abstract
This study aims to analyze user acceptance of assistive electric reverse trike motorcycles for individuals with physical disabilities within the context of Special Education in Higher Education using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with interview and observation techniques involving 16 informants consisting of users, lecturers, technicians, and members of the disability community. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a positive influence on attitudes toward use and the actual use of the assistive motorcycle. This vehicle is proven to enhance campus accessibility, learning independence, and academic participation of students with physical disabilities. However, acceptance is also influenced by external factors such as family support, university policies, and infrastructure. This study confirms that assistive mobility technology plays a crucial role in realizing inclusive higher education
References
Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice-Hal.
Aljarrah, E., Elrehail, H. & Aababneh, B. (2016). E-voting in Jordan: Assessing readiness and developing a system. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 860–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.076
Arianto, D. & Apsari, N. C. (2023). Gambaran Aksesbilitas, Inklusivitas, dan Hambatan Penyandang Disabilitas Dalam Memanfaatkan Transportasi Publik: Studi Literatur di Berbagai Negara. Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial, 5(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.24198/focus.v5i2.42633
Ayub, M., & Mallamaci, A. (2023). An introduction: Overview of nervous system and brain disorders. The role of natural antioxidants in brain disorders, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41188-5_1
Bakhytzhamal, S., Dinara, Y., & Gao, C. (2026). Social and Pedagogical Support for Children With Special Educational Needs: A Systematic Review of Inclusive Practices, Instructional Strategies and Support Measures in Mainstream Schools. European Journal of Education, 61(1), e70429. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70429
Bolodeoku, P. B., Igbinoba, E., Salau, P. O., Chukwudi, C. K. & Idia, S. E. (2022). Perceived usefulness of technology and multiple salient outcomes: the improbable case of oil and gas workers. Heliyon, 8(4), e09322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09322
Cline, K., Beachy, M. W., Carr, P. W., Hall, J., & Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians. (2026). Fostering support and inclusion for physicians, postgraduate trainees, and medical students with disabilities: a position paper from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/ANNALS-25-04518
Dam, K. van, Gielissen, M., Bles, R., van der Poel, A. & Boon, B. (2024). The impact of assistive living technology on perceived independence of people with a physical disability in executing daily activities: a systematic literature review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 19(4), 1262–1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2022.2162614
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information systems : the technology acceptance model (TAM). Int. J. Man-Machine Studies , 38, 475–487.
Denovan, R. F. & Marsasi, E. G. (2025). Perceived Ease Of Use, Perceived Usefulness And Satisfaction To Maximize Behavioral Intention With The Technology Acceptance Model In Generation Y And Z Consumers. Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 18(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v18i1.29461
DiYenno, C., Mulvihill, T., Wessel, R. D. & Markle, L. (2019). Experiences of Students with Physical Disabilities in a Summer Internship Program. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 32(2), 147–157.
Dywananda, A. C. J. & Chumaida, Z. V. (2024). Pengaturan Kendaraan Modifikasi Untuk Difabel dalam Pengoperasian Lalu Lintas dalam Prespektif Hukum Transportasi. Media Iuris, 7(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v7i1.42517
Firdaus, Z. Y., Krisbiantoro, D. & Afiana, F. N. (2022). ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERIMAAN DAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI DOMPET DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANE MODEL (TAM). Journal of Information System Management (JOISM), 3(2), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.24076/joism.2022v3i2.619
He, Y., Chen, Q. & Kitkuakul, S. (2018). Regulatory focus and technology acceptance: Perceived ease of use and usefulness as efficacy. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1459006. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2018.1459006
Heward, W., Alber-Morgan, S. & Konrad, M. (2017). Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special Education. Pearson.
Hossain, M. A., Tiwari, A., Saha, S., Ghimire, A., Imran, M. A. U. & Khatoon, R. (2024). Applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Information Technology System to Evaluate the Adoption of Decision Support System. Journal of Computer and Communications, 12(08), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2024.128015
Kahn, K. B. (2018). Understanding innovation. Business Horizons, 61(3), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011
Kılıç, E. & Çelik, H. E. (2025). Factors affecting acceptance of ChatGPT-4o by English language instructors: The extended TAM approach. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, 100452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100452
Kochetkov, D. M. (2023). Innovation: A state-of-the-art review and typology. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 7(4), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2023.05.004
Leksono, S. (2013). Ilmu Ekonomi dan Penelitian Kualitatif: Pendekatan Deskriptif. Raja Gafindo Persada.
M, I. F. & Ali, H. (2021). DETERMINATION ATTITUDE TOWARD USING AND PURCHASE INTENTIONS: ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS (CASE STUDY OF INSTAGRAM SHOP’S FEATURES ON SOCIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v3i1.932
Ma, Q. & Liu, L. (2005). The Technology Acceptance Model. In Advanced Topics in End User Computing, Volume 4 (pp. 60–72). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/9781591404743.ch006.ch000
Maldonado-Garcés, V., Sánchez-García, J. C., Hernández-Sánchez, B., Acosta-Vargas, P. & Araujo, E. (2025). Physical Accessibility in Higher Education: Evaluating a University Campus in Ecuador for Sustainable Inclusion. Sustainability, 17(12), 5652. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125652
Marbun, S., Ritonga, N., Yunip, M., Larosa, S. & Gidion, H. (2023). Peningkatan Kemandirian dan Kapabilitas Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Tulang Bawang Barat. Real Coster : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(2), 122–136. https://doi.org/10.53547/realcoster.v6i2.363
Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis. UI Press.
Morelos-Gómez, J., Tirado-Roca, S. & Guerrero Álvarez, L. M. (2023). Innovación en las organizaciones: una revisión de la literatura. Dictamen Libre, 32, 73–87. https://doi.org/10.18041/2619-4244/dl.32.10404
Norcliffe, G., Buliung, R., Kruse, A. & Radford, J. (2022). Disability and cycling technology: A socio-historical analysis. Disability Studies Quarterly, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v42i1.8276
Nugroho, F. W. (2023). Pengasuhan Anak Dengan Disabilitas DP3AP2KB Povinsi Jawa Tengah. Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana (DP3AP2KB) Provinsi Jawa Tengah.
Padmadewi, N. N., Artini, L. P., & Ratminingsih, N. M. (2026). Teaching Strategies for Promoting Sustainable Inclusive Practices in Heterogeneous Classrooms: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, China, Thailand and Korea. In Future of Education in Asia: Sustainability, Technology and Internationalisation (pp. 35-70). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07285-6_3
Palumian, Y., Jayanti, S. C. K., Indriyani, R. & Tarigan, Z. (2021). Technology acceptance model for online cinema ticketing among moviegoers in java island Indonesia: an empirical study on tix id application. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1010(1), 012037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1010/1/012037
Pradana, K. R., Yulianto, I. & Ayman, A. (2017). RANCANG BANGUN MOTOR LISTRIK BERODA TIGA TRIKE YANG TERINTEGRASI DENGAN KURSI RODA. Prosiding Sains Nasional Dan Teknologi, 1(1), 1–5.
Putnam, L. L. & Banghart, S. (2017). Interpretive Approaches. In The International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication (pp. 1–17). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118955567.wbieoc118
Rahman, A., Zundans-Fraser, L., & Sikder, S. (2026). A scoping review investigating the definition of inclusion in early years education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2026.2632780
Ramadan, R., Rizal, R., Pahriadi, P., Nashrullah, N., Kamil, M. N. A., & Wilade, S. (2026). Problem-Based Learning with a Deep Learning Orientation in Elementary Science and Social Studies: Fostering Conceptual Understanding and Student Engagement in Grade IV. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 5(2), 2736-2746.
Supartono, B., Kusumaningsih, P. & Zahra, D. F. (2022). Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities Affected by Covid-19 Through Assistance in Repairing Disability Motorcycles. Indonesian Red Crescent Humanitarian Journal, 1(2), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.56744/irchum.v1i2.21
Tjahjanti, P. H., Nugroho, S. A., Widodo, Edi., Iswanto & Fahruddin, A. (2024). Designing a stable and comfortable motorcycle for uneven roads: Enhancing mobility for individuals with disabilities. AIP Conf. Proc., 3167(1), 040018. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220228
Verástegui, M. D.-G., Medina-Quintero, J.-M. & Ortiz-Rodriguez, F. (2025). Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use of E-Government to Generate Trust and Intention to Use by Citizens. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 20(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242025000100049
Wang, M., Ramasamy, S. S., Dawod, A. Y. & Yu, X. (2025). Development and TAM-Based Validation of a User Experience Scale for Actual System Use in Online Courses. Education Sciences, 15(7), 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15070855
Zabala-Dominguez, O., Fernández, Y. L., Florido, I. R. & Olasagasti-Ibargoien, J. (2024). Psychological Well-Being of Young Athletes with Physical Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Behavioral Sciences, 14(9), 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090822
Zayadi, A., Ruliyanta, Marsudi & Anwar, J. T. (2024). Electric bicycles for transportation of the physically disabled in indonesia. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, 1(6), 214–217. https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2024.06.44
Zen, L. F., Rachim, H. A. & Apsari, N. C. (2025). PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI ASISTIF : PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN PENYANDANG DISABILITAS FISIK. Share : Social Work Journal, 14(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v14i2.52420
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal La Edusci

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



