Evaluation of Reclamation Activities on Post-Mining Land

Gunawan Gunawan; Muhammad  Chaerul; Natsar  Desi; Erniati Erniati; A. Yusuf  Harun; Eris Nur  Dirman

doi:10.37899/journallalifesci.v7i1.2923

Gunawan Program Studi Magister Rekayasa Infrastruktur Dan Lingkungan Universitas Fajar Makassar, Indonesia
Muhammad Chaerul Dosen Program Studi Magister Rekayasa Infrastruktur Dan Lingkungan Universitas Fajar Makassar, Indonesia
Natsar Desi Dosen Program Studi Magister Rekayasa Infrastruktur Dan Lingkungan Universitas Fajar Makassar, Indonesia
Erniati Dosen Program Studi Magister Rekayasa Infrastruktur Dan Lingkungan Universitas Fajar Makassar, Indonesia
A. Yusuf Harun Dosen Program Studi Magister Rekayasa Infrastruktur Dan Lingkungan Universitas Fajar Makassar, Indonesia
Eris Nur Dirman Dosen Program Studi Magister Rekayasa Infrastruktur Dan Lingkungan Universitas Fajar Makassar, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v7i1.2923

Keywords: Reclamation, Post-Mining Land, PT Bumi Sentosa Jaya, NDVI, Revegetation, Environmental Restoration

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate reclamation activities on the post-mining land of PT Bumi Sentosa Jaya in Boedingi Village, Lasolo District, North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Mining activities carried out in the area have caused environmental degradation, particularly in soil quality and vegetation. Therefore, reclamation activities, including revegetation, need to be carried out to restore the ecological function of the land. This study uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis method to evaluate the success rate of revegetation as an indicator of vegetation health and density. In addition, an analysis was conducted on the reclamation plan and the estimated costs required. The data used in this study consisted of Sentinel-2 satellite images and drone photos to obtain an accurate picture of topographical changes and vegetation growth. The results showed that the reclamation activities carried out by PT Bumi Sentosa Jaya succeeded in increasing vegetation density in the reclaimed area. The area of land that has been reclaimed reached 11.90 ha in the period from 2023 to 2024, with the success of revegetation measurable through an increase in NDVI values. The reclamation plan, which includes land preparation, planting of cover crops and pioneer plants, and plant maintenance, has been implemented in accordance with established standards. This study is expected to contribute to the development of reclamation and revegetation techniques in mining areas, as well as provide recommendations for companies and policy makers to improve the success of future reclamation activities.

References

Afrizal, R., Riki, R., & Retni, P. (2022). Pemanfaatan drone DJI Phantom 4 Pro dan aplikasi SIG (ArcGIS) untuk identifikasi batas administrasi wilayah di Kecamatan Kuantan Tengah Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi (Studi kasus: Kelurahan Pasar Taluk dan Kelurahan Simpang Tiga). Jurnal Perangkat Lunak, 4, 177–181.

Aili, A., Zhang, Y., Lin, T., Xu, H., Waheed, A., Zhao, W., ... & Dou, H. (2024). Optimizing Vegetation Restoration: A Comprehensive Index System for Reclaiming Abandoned Mining Areas in Arid Regions of China. Biology, 14(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14010023

Alpiana, Ariyanto, Firaz, M. F., Rangga, E., Yustissian, E., & Rashikun, H. (2024). Bantuan teknis pembuatan peta rencana reklamasi dengan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis. Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 4(2), 223–232.

Baloyi, J., Ramdhani, N., Mbhele, R., & Simate, G. S. (2024). Acid mine drainage from gold mining in South Africa: remediation, reuse, and resource recovery. Mine Water and the Environment, 43(3), 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-024-00994-2

Bowell, R. J., Williams, C. R., Merry, E. J., Carpenter, A., Bertrando, K., & Parshley, J. V. (2023). Mitigation of mining effects on the environment. SEG Discovery, (135), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.5382/Geo-and-Mining-21

Budiani, I. (2020). Evaluasi tingkat keberhasilan kegiatan reklamasi tambang eksisting batu kapur PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk (Skripsi). Universitas Sriwijaya.

Esa. (2015). Sentinel-2 user handbook.

Fauziah, Muhlis, Muhtar, & Fatmawati, R. A. (2023). Rancangan reklamasi lahan pada kegiatan pascatambang bijih nikel di PT Citra Lampia Mandiri Malili. Koloni: Jurnal Disiplin Ilmu, 2(2), 2828–6863.

Guan, Y., Wang, J., Zhou, W., Bai, Z., & Cao, Y. (2022). Identification of land reclamation stages based on succession characteristics of rehabilitated vegetation in the Pingshuo opencast coal mine. Journal of Environmental Management, 305, 114352.

Gunawan, R., Nurkhamim, & Izza, R. F. (2021). Overview metode perencanaan pengelolaan lahan bekas tambang. Dalam Prosiding Nasional Rekayasa Teknologi Industri dan Informasi (ReTII) (Vol. XVI, hlm. 345–350).

Haslinda. (2023). Desain tata lingkungan terhadap rekonstruksi reklamasi lahan bekas tambang PT X, Desa Wumbubangka, Kecamatan Rarowatu Utara, Kabupaten Bombana, Sulawesi Tenggara.

Heriansyah, I., Siregar, C. A., Mansur, I., Manege, E., Kadyonggo, E., Wijianto, A., & Suprapto, T. (2019). Petunjuk teknis reklamasi pascatambang pada kawasan hutan. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.

Hu, J., Ye, B., Bai, Z., & Feng, Y. (2022). Remote sensing monitoring of vegetation reclamation in the Antaibao open-pit mine. Remote Sensing, 14(22), 5634. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14225634

Hu, J., Ye, B., Bai, Z., & Hui, J. (2022). Comparison of the vegetation index of reclamation mining areas calculated by multi-source remote sensing data. Land, 11(3), 325.

Jaelani, A. K., Kusumaningtyas, R. O., & Orsantinutsakul, A. (2022). The model of mining environment restoration regulation based on Sustainable Development Goals. Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 30(1), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v30i1.20764

Jamin, M., Jaelani, A. K., Mulyanto, M., Kusumaningtyas, R. O., & Ly, D. Q. (2025). The impact of Indonesia's mining industry regulation on the protection of indigenous peoples. Hasanuddin Law Review, 9(1), 88-105. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v9i1.4033

Jaya, P. B. S. (2022). Rencana reklamasi tahun 2023–2026 PT Bumi Sentosa Jaya.

Kamarullah, S., Rauf, I., Amir, M., Zamzam, Z., & Gaus, A. (2025). Evaluasi kinerja reklamasi lahan bekas tambang nikel PT Trimegah Bangun Persada di Pulau Obi, Maluku Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 23(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.1.1-9

Lillesand, T. M., Kiefer, R. W., & Chipman, J. W. (2015). Remote sensing and image interpretation. Wiley.

Lupardus, R. C., Simonsen, J., Toevs, G., Sterling, B., Bowen, Z. H., Davidson, Z., ... & Duniway, M. C. (2023). Oil and gas reclamation—Operations, monitoring methods, and standards (No. 18-A1). US Geological Survey.

Macera, M., Loayza-Muro, R., Snellings, R., Leyva Molina, M., & Willems, B. L. (2026). A thick mapping of the San Juan Basin (Pasco, Peru): co-designing (post-) mining landscape-ecological transitions at the frontier of an extreme Andean environment. CoDesign, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2025.2612237

Mao, Z., Wang, M., Chu, J., Sun, J., Liang, W., & Yu, H. (2024). Feature extraction and analysis of reclaimed vegetation in ecological restoration area of abandoned mines based on hyperspectral remote sensing images. Journal of Arid Land, 16(10), 1409-1425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-024-0109-9

Muedi, K. L., Masindi, V., & Brink, H. G. (2025). Recovery, Valorization, and Beneficiation of Valuable Minerals From Natural Acid Mine Drainage and Their Respective Application in Wastewater Treatment. Customized Technologies for Sustainable Management of Industrial Wastewater: A Circular Economy Approach, 389-465. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394214563.ch10

Mukherjee, S., Paramanik, M., Paramanik, S., Dasmodak, S., Rajak, P., & Ganguly, A. (2024). Acid Mine Drainage: A Silent Threat to Environmental Health and Its Journey Toward Sustainable Management. Ecosystem Management: Climate Change and Sustainability, 493-518. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394231249.ch15

Ode, L., & Husein, M. (2021). Penatagunaan lahan reklamasi dan revegetasi pada kegiatan penambangan bijih nikel PT Ifishdeco Tbk Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Dalam Prosiding Nasional Rekayasa Teknologi Industri dan Informasi XVI (ReTII) (hlm. 305–309). http://journal.itny.ac.id/index.php/ReTII

Padhiary, M., & Kumar, R. (2024). Assessing the environmental impacts of agriculture, industrial operations, and mining on agro-ecosystems. In Smart internet of things for environment and healthcare (pp. 107-126). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70102-3_8

Papatriantafyllou, A., Grapatsas, K., Mulita, F., Baikoussis, N. G., Liolis, E., Tchabashvili, L., ... & Leivaditis, V. (2025). Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Colorectal Cancer: Evidence and Outcomes—A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(12), 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124172

Pranata, H., Yulhendra, D., & Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang. (2021). Rancangan pelaksanaan eksploitasi nikel pada Blok X PT Paramitha Persada Tama Desa Boenaga Kecamatan Lasolo Kepulauan Kabupaten Konawe Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Bina Tambang, 6(5), 219–231.

Pretzsch, E., Peschel, C. A., Rokavec, M., Torlot, L., Li, P., Hermeking, H., ... & Kumbrink, J. (2025). Five-Gene Expression Signature Associated With Acquired FOLFIRI Resistance and Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Laboratory Investigation, 105(5), 104107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labinv.2025.104107

Pribadi, A. (2023). Potensi menjanjikan, nikel RI bakal laris manis pikat investor. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia.

Rahmandhana, A. D., Aditama, M. H., & Mahendra, D. (2022). Pemanfaatan teknologi penginderaan jauh-SIG untuk program reklamasi dan rehabilitasi daerah aliran sungai (DAS) PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara. Dalam Prosiding TPT XXXI PERHAPI (hlm. 489–502).

Ren, H., Zhao, Y., Xiao, W., & Zhang, L. (2024). Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based vegetation restoration monitoring in coal waste dumps after reclamation. Remote Sensing, 16(5), 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050881

Rumpf, B., Santol, J., Kern, A. E., Ammann, M., Probst, J., Baumgartner, R., ... & Starlinger, P. (2025). PNPLA3 polymorphism worsens chemotherapy associated liver injury and affects overall survival in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis undergoing hepatic resection. EBioMedicine, 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105928

Saad, N. A., Jabit, N. A., Ismail, S., Ishak, K. E. H. K., Aminuddin, M. I. K. A., Halim, M. S. M., ... & Rahim, M. S. A. (2024). Management and treatment methods of acid mine drainage. In Industrial waste engineering (pp. 441-507). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46747-9_10

Sapana, E. A., & Rande, S. A. (2023). Rencana keberhasilan reklamasi pada kegiatan penambangan bijih nikel PT Bhumi Karya Utama, Kabupaten Konawe Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara. 2023(1827), 3–5.

Surono. (2013). Geologi lengan Tenggara Sulawesi. Badan Geologi, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral.

Taupan, M., Hasria, & Anshari, E. (2022). Korelasi zona endapan nikel laterit di Desa Boenaga Kabupaten Konawe Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Geologi Terapan, 4(1), 22–21.

Thielman, M. (2025). Pervious Concrete for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage at a Former Strip Mine in Southeast Ohio: Removal of Metals, Total Suspended Solids, and Nutrients.

Ukhurebor, K. E., Aigbe, U. O., Onyancha, R. B., Ndunagu, J. N., Osibote, O. A., Emegha, J. O., ... & Darmokoesoemo, H. (2022). An overview of the emergence and challenges of land reclamation: Issues and prospect. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2022(1), 5889823.

Usman, M. (2019). Penentuan zona kerentanan tanah longsor dengan metode spasial daerah Kota Parepare Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.

Van Zuidam, R. A. (1983). Guide to geomorphologic aerial photographic interpretation and mapping. ITC Enschede.

Wahyudin, I., Widodo, S., & Nurwaskito, A. (2018). Analisis penanganan air asam tambang batubara. Jurnal Geomine, 6(2), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.33536/jg.v6i2.214

Wang, H., Zhou, W., Guan, Y., Wang, J., & Ma, R. (2023). Monitoring the ecological restoration effect of land reclamation in open-pit coal mining areas: An exploration of a fusion method based on ZhuHai-1 and Landsat 8 data. Science of The Total Environment, 904, 166324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166324

Wang, X., Yang, M., Chen, H., Cai, Z., Fu, W., Zhang, X., ... & Li, Y. (2025). Monitoring and Prevention Strategies for Iron and Aluminum Pollutants in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Evidence from Xiaomixi Stream in Qinling Mountains. Minerals, 15(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15010059

Wolkersdorfer, C., & Mugova, E. (2022). Effects of mining on surface water. Encyclopedia of inland waters, 4, 170-188.

Xiao, W., Deng, X., He, T., & Guo, J. (2023). Using POI and time series Landsat data to identify and rebuilt surface mining, vegetation disturbance and land reclamation process based on Google Earth Engine. Journal of Environmental Management, 327, 116920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116920