Ultra-light Colorless and Green Glass Foam Produced by Microwave Radiation
Keywords:
Ultra-light Glass Foam, Glass Waste, Calcium Carbonate, Microwave Heating, Apparent density
Abstract
Abstract
According to the research objective that was the basis of the paper, an ultra-light glass foam with an apparent density of 0.14 g/cm3 was experimentally made from 98.9% post-consumer glass bottle and 1% CaCO3 as a foaming agent by sintering/foaming at 823 ºC in microwave field with a very low specific energy consumption (0.70 kWh/kg). A very advanced mechanical processing of glass waste (below 32 μm) and a very fine granulation (below 6.3 μm) of CaCO3 were the solutions adopted to obtain this high-performance product. The originality of the work is the use of the unconventional technique of predominantly direct microwave heating with a very high energy efficiency, applied by authors in recent years and presented in several previous papers.
References
References
Axinte, S.M., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., & Sebe, A.C. (2019). Manufacture of glass foam by predominantly direct microwave heating of recycled glass waste. Transactions of Networks and Communications, 7(4), 37-45.
Calculation of the chemical durability (hydrolytic class, corrosion) of glass, (2013). Available from: http://glassproperties.com/chemical_durability/
Cosmulescu, F., Paunescu L., Dragoescu, M.F., & Axinte, S.M. (2020). Comparative analysis of the foam glass gravel types experimentally produced by microwave irradiation. Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 26(3), 58-68.
Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., Paunescu L., & Fiti, A. (2018a). Foam glass with low apparent density and thermal conductivity produced by microwave heating. European Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(2), 1-9.
Dragoescu, M.F., Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., & Fiti, A. (2018b). Influence of the color of bottle glass waste on the characteristics of foam glass produced in microwave field. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigation, 7(72), 95-100.
Ducman, V. (2004). Foaming process of waste glass using CaCO3, MnO2 and water glass as foaming agents. International Conference “Sustenable waste management and recycling. Glass waste”, London.
Foamglas Building. Thermal insulation systems for the entire building envelope, (2015). Available from: https://uk.foamglas.com/-/media/ukfoamglascom/alle-dokumente/building/downloads/documentation/pcuk_en_00-broch-corporate_ok.pdf
Jones, D.A., Lelyveld, T.P., Mavrofidis, S.D., Kingman, S.W., & Miles, N.J. (2002). Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering – a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 34, 75 – 90.
Karambery, A., & Moutsatsou, A. (2007). Utilization of ground coloured glass cullet in construction materials. WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, 57, WIT Press.
Karunadasa, K.S.P., Manoratne, C.H., Pitawala, H.M.T.G.A., & Rajapakse, R.M.G. (2019). Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (calcite polymorph) as examined by in-situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 134, 21-28. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.05.023Get_rights_and_content
Kharissova, O., Kharissov, B.I, & Ruiz Valdés, J.J. (2010). Review: The use of microwave irradiation in the processing of glasses and their composites. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(4), 1457-1466.
Kitchen, H.J., Vallance, S.R., Kennedy, J.L., Tapia-Ruiz, N., & Carassiti, L. (2014). Modern microwave methods in solid-state inorganic materials chemistry: From fundamentals to manufacturing. Chemical Reviews, 114, 1170 – 1206.
Köse V.S. & Bayer, G. (1982). Foam formation in the waste glass system-The properties of such foam glasses (in German). International Journal of the German Society of Glass Technology, 55, 151–160.
Low, N.M.P. (1981). Formation of cellular-structure glass with carbonate compounds and natural mica powders. Journal of Materials Science, 16(3), 800-808.
Meyer, C., Egosi, N., & Andela, C. (2001). Concrete with waste glass as aggregate, Proceedings of the International Symposium Concrete Technology Unit of ASCE and University of Dundee, March 19-20, 2001. Published in Recycling and re-use of glass cullet, Dhir, Dyer and Limbachiya (eds).
Paunescu L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Paunescu B.V. (2018a). Dense glass foam produced in microwave field, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 24(1), 30-36.
Paunescu, L., Grigoras, B.T., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Fiti, A. (2017a). Foam glass produced by microwave technique. Bulletin of Romanian Chemical Engineering Society, 4(1), 98-108.
Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Grigoras, B.T., Dragoescu, M.F., & Fiti, A.. (2017b). Testing the use of microwave energy to produce foam glass. European Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(4), 8-17.
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Fiti, A. (2018b). Innovative way to produce glass foam in microwave field. Nonconventional Technologies Review, 22(3), 21-25.
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Paunescu, B.V. (2018c). Heat-insulating, fireproof and waterproof materials produced from recycling glass waste in microwave field. Constructii, 19(1-2), 59-64.
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Cosmulescu, F. (2020). Unconventional technique for producing borosilicate glass foam. Journal La Multiapp, 1(6), 12-22.
Scarinci, G., Brusatin, G., & Bernardo, E. (2005). Cellular Ceramics: Structure, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications, Wiley-VCH GmbH & KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, Scheffler, M., Colombo, P. eds., pp. 158-176.
Specific heat of solids, The Engineering ToolBox, (2015). Available from:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-solids-d_154.html
Stiti, N., Ayadi, A., Lerabi, Y., Benhaoua, F., Benzerga, R., & Legendre, L. (2011). Preparation and characterization of foam glass based waste. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(8), 3384-3386.
Technical Information – TECHNOpor, (2016). Available from: http://www.technopor.com
TECHNOpor in the UK/Green Construction, (2016). Available from: https://www.green- construction.org.uk/recycled-products/technopor-in-the-UK/
Veronesi, P., Cannillo, V., Leonelli, C., Minay, E.J., & Boccaccini, A.R. (2018). Glass matrix composite foams containing metallic fibres produced by microwave heating. Available from: https://www.escm.eu.org/docs/eccm/B011.pdf
Axinte, S.M., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., & Sebe, A.C. (2019). Manufacture of glass foam by predominantly direct microwave heating of recycled glass waste. Transactions of Networks and Communications, 7(4), 37-45.
Calculation of the chemical durability (hydrolytic class, corrosion) of glass, (2013). Available from: http://glassproperties.com/chemical_durability/
Cosmulescu, F., Paunescu L., Dragoescu, M.F., & Axinte, S.M. (2020). Comparative analysis of the foam glass gravel types experimentally produced by microwave irradiation. Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 26(3), 58-68.
Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., Paunescu L., & Fiti, A. (2018a). Foam glass with low apparent density and thermal conductivity produced by microwave heating. European Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(2), 1-9.
Dragoescu, M.F., Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., & Fiti, A. (2018b). Influence of the color of bottle glass waste on the characteristics of foam glass produced in microwave field. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigation, 7(72), 95-100.
Ducman, V. (2004). Foaming process of waste glass using CaCO3, MnO2 and water glass as foaming agents. International Conference “Sustenable waste management and recycling. Glass waste”, London.
Foamglas Building. Thermal insulation systems for the entire building envelope, (2015). Available from: https://uk.foamglas.com/-/media/ukfoamglascom/alle-dokumente/building/downloads/documentation/pcuk_en_00-broch-corporate_ok.pdf
Jones, D.A., Lelyveld, T.P., Mavrofidis, S.D., Kingman, S.W., & Miles, N.J. (2002). Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering – a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 34, 75 – 90.
Karambery, A., & Moutsatsou, A. (2007). Utilization of ground coloured glass cullet in construction materials. WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences, 57, WIT Press.
Karunadasa, K.S.P., Manoratne, C.H., Pitawala, H.M.T.G.A., & Rajapakse, R.M.G. (2019). Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (calcite polymorph) as examined by in-situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 134, 21-28. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.05.023Get_rights_and_content
Kharissova, O., Kharissov, B.I, & Ruiz Valdés, J.J. (2010). Review: The use of microwave irradiation in the processing of glasses and their composites. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(4), 1457-1466.
Kitchen, H.J., Vallance, S.R., Kennedy, J.L., Tapia-Ruiz, N., & Carassiti, L. (2014). Modern microwave methods in solid-state inorganic materials chemistry: From fundamentals to manufacturing. Chemical Reviews, 114, 1170 – 1206.
Köse V.S. & Bayer, G. (1982). Foam formation in the waste glass system-The properties of such foam glasses (in German). International Journal of the German Society of Glass Technology, 55, 151–160.
Low, N.M.P. (1981). Formation of cellular-structure glass with carbonate compounds and natural mica powders. Journal of Materials Science, 16(3), 800-808.
Meyer, C., Egosi, N., & Andela, C. (2001). Concrete with waste glass as aggregate, Proceedings of the International Symposium Concrete Technology Unit of ASCE and University of Dundee, March 19-20, 2001. Published in Recycling and re-use of glass cullet, Dhir, Dyer and Limbachiya (eds).
Paunescu L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Paunescu B.V. (2018a). Dense glass foam produced in microwave field, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 24(1), 30-36.
Paunescu, L., Grigoras, B.T., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Fiti, A. (2017a). Foam glass produced by microwave technique. Bulletin of Romanian Chemical Engineering Society, 4(1), 98-108.
Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Grigoras, B.T., Dragoescu, M.F., & Fiti, A.. (2017b). Testing the use of microwave energy to produce foam glass. European Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(4), 8-17.
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Fiti, A. (2018b). Innovative way to produce glass foam in microwave field. Nonconventional Technologies Review, 22(3), 21-25.
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Paunescu, B.V. (2018c). Heat-insulating, fireproof and waterproof materials produced from recycling glass waste in microwave field. Constructii, 19(1-2), 59-64.
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., & Cosmulescu, F. (2020). Unconventional technique for producing borosilicate glass foam. Journal La Multiapp, 1(6), 12-22.
Scarinci, G., Brusatin, G., & Bernardo, E. (2005). Cellular Ceramics: Structure, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications, Wiley-VCH GmbH & KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, Scheffler, M., Colombo, P. eds., pp. 158-176.
Specific heat of solids, The Engineering ToolBox, (2015). Available from:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-solids-d_154.html
Stiti, N., Ayadi, A., Lerabi, Y., Benhaoua, F., Benzerga, R., & Legendre, L. (2011). Preparation and characterization of foam glass based waste. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(8), 3384-3386.
Technical Information – TECHNOpor, (2016). Available from: http://www.technopor.com
TECHNOpor in the UK/Green Construction, (2016). Available from: https://www.green- construction.org.uk/recycled-products/technopor-in-the-UK/
Veronesi, P., Cannillo, V., Leonelli, C., Minay, E.J., & Boccaccini, A.R. (2018). Glass matrix composite foams containing metallic fibres produced by microwave heating. Available from: https://www.escm.eu.org/docs/eccm/B011.pdf
Published
2021-03-09
How to Cite
Paunescu, L., Axinte, S. M., Cosmulescu, F., Dragoescu, M. F., & Paunescu, B. V. (2021). Ultra-light Colorless and Green Glass Foam Produced by Microwave Radiation. Journal La Multiapp, 2(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v2i1.286
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal La Multiapp
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
